What is meant by
thermodynamic equilibrium?
When a system is in thermodynamic equilibrium, it should
satisfy the following three conditions.
(a) Mechanical
Equilibrium :- Pressure remains constant
(b) Thermal
equilibrium :- Temperature remains constant
(c) Chemical
equilibrium : There is no chemical reaction.
What do you understand
by pure substance?
A pure substance is defined as one that is homogeneous and
invariable in chemical composition throughout its mass.
What is the
difference between a heat pump and a refrigerator?
Heat pump is a device which operating in cyclic process,
maintains the temperature of a hot body at a temperature higher than the
temperature of surroundings.
A refrigerator is a device which operating in a cyclic
process, maintains the temperature of a cold body at a temperature lower than
the temperature of the surroundings.
What is the
characteristic gas equation?
Characteristic gas
equation is pV = mRT
Where,
p = pressure
V =
Volume
R =
Characteristic gas constant
T =
Temperature.
What do you mean by
quasi-static process?
Infinite slowness is the characteristic feature of a
quasi-static process. A quasi-static process is that a succession of
equilibrium states. A quasi-static process is also called as reversible
process.
State the law of
conservation of energy and give a mathematical equation for it. Mention also examples
to support this law.
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed although it may
be transformed from one form to another. Mathematical form of the law is
DE = q + w
In the running of an electric motor, electrical energy is
converted into mechanical energy.
Why does the amount
of entropy in the universe always increase?
The second law of thermodynamics states the entropy in the
universe always increases: some energy
is always lost as heat, and heat is a disordered form of energy.
What is meant by
steady flow process?
During the process the rate of flow of mass and energy
across the boundary remains constant, is known as steady flow process.
What is the
difference between steady flow and non – flow process?
During the steady flow process the rate of flow of mass and
energy across the boundary remains constant.
In case of non – flow across the system and boundary.
What are the
processes involved in Carnot cycle.
Carnot cycle consist of
i)
Reversible isothermal compression
ii)
Isentropic compression
iii)
Reversible isothermal expansion
iv)
Isentropic expansion