What is specific
speed of the turbine?
It is defined as the
speed of a turbine which will develop unit power under unit head.
What are the unit
quantities?
Unit quantities are
the quantities which are obtained when the head on the turbine are unity.
Explain about
characteristic curves
of a hydraulic turbine
of a hydraulic turbine
Characteristic
curves of a hydraulic turbine are the curves with the help of which the exact behavior
and performance of the turbine under different working conditions can be known.
What do you mean by
pipe flow?
1. Pipe flow has no free surface and
subjected to hydraulic pressure only.
2. The cross section of the flow is
fixed
List the instrument
used to measure open channel flow
1. pitot tube
2. Ultrasonic flow instrument.
3. Dropper instrument
4. Gurley instrument.
What are the types
of flow profile?
- Mild slope profile
- Steep slope profile
- Critical slope profile
- Horizontal bed profile
- Adverse slope profile
What do you mean by
coefficient of velocity?
V1=Cv (2gH)
Where,
V1 = velocity of jet
Cv = coefficient of velocity
H = head of the
turbine.
What are the main
parts of pelton wheel turbine?
1. Nozzle and flow regulating arrangement
2. Runner with buckets
3. Casing
4. Breaking jet
What are the main
mechanisms of Radial flow reaction turbine?
1. Casing
2. Guide mechanism
3. Runner
4. Draft tube
What is the term
most economical section?
A section of the
channel is said to be most economical when the cost of construction of the
channel is minimum. But the cost of construction mainly depend up on the
excavation and lining to keep the cost minimum ,the wetted perimeter for a
given discharge should be minimum.
What are the
conditions of rectangular channel of best section?
The two conditions
are breadth is equal to two times the depth (b=2d) and hydraulic mean depth is
equal to half the depth (m=d/2)
What do you mean by
open channel flow?
1. Open channel flow has a free
surface which is subjected to atmospheric pressure.
2. In open channel flow the cross
section is irregular.
What is multistage
pump?
If centrifugal pump
consists of two or more impellers the pump is called multistage pump. To
produce a high head impellers are connected in series .To produce high
discharge impellers are connected in parallel.
What is Manometric
head?
Manometric head is
the head against which a centrifugal pump has to work.
Hm = Hs +hd +Hfs +Hfd +
(vd2/2g)
Where, Hm –
manometric head
Hs - suction head
Hd – delivery head
Hfs – friction head loss in suction
pipe
Hfd – friction head loss in delivery
pipe
What is slip of a
reciprocating pump and negative slip?
Slip is defined as
the difference between theoretical discharge and actual discharge.
If actual discharge is greater than
theoretical discharge negative value is found this negative value is called
negative slip.
What do you know
coefficient of discharge?
It is defined as the
ratio of actual discharge by theoretical discharge. It is denoted By Cd.
What do you know
Drop down curve?
The water surface
has a convex profile upwards this curve is called drop down curve.
What are the
classifications of hydraulic turbine according to the type of energy at inlet ?
(a) Impulse turbine and
(b) Reaction turbine
What are the types
of turbine according to direction of flow through runner?
(a) Tangential flow turbine
(b) Radial flow turbine
(c) Axial flow turbine
(d) Mixed flow turbine
What are the types
of turbine according to the head at the inlet of the turbine?
(a) high head turbine
(b) medium head turbine
(c) low head turbine
The more fouling
fluid should be on which side of a shell & tube heat exchanger?
Tube side (because it is easier to
clean)
What are the types
of turbine according to the specific speed of the turbine?
(a) Low specific speed turbine
(b) Medium specific speed turbine
(c) High specific speed turbine.
What are the classifications
of flow in channels?
1. Steady flow and un steady flow.
2. Uniform flow and non uniform
flow.
3. Laminar flow and turbulent flow
and
4. Sub critical, critical and super
critical flow.
What are the types
of Non uniform flow?
(i) Rapidly Varied Flow (R.V.F)
(ii) Gradually Varied Flow (G.V.F)
What do you know
about laminar and turbulent flow?
Laminar flow:
The flow in open channel is said to be
laminar if the Reynolds number ( Re) is less than 500.
Turbulent flow:
If the Reynolds number is greater than
2000 it is called turbulent flow.
List energy
conservation opportunities in a steam distribution and utilization system.
1) Fix steam leaks and condensate leaks
2) Ensure process temperatures are
correctly controlled.
3) Maintain lowest acceptable process
steam pressures
4) Remove or blank off all redundant steam
piping
5) Ensure condensate is returned or
re-used in the process.
6) Recover boiler blow down.
7) Check operation of steam traps.
8) Remove air from indirect steam using
equipment
9) Reduce the work done by steam
10) Insulate pipelines
What do you mean by
specific energy curve?
It is defined as the
curve which shows the variation of specific energy with respect to depth of
flow.
Write down the use of centrifugal pump?
1. Used in deep sump and basement
2. The high discharge capacity
3. It is driven by electric motors
Define open channel
flow?
The term open
channel flow denotes the gravity-driven flow of a liquid with a free surface.
What do you mean by
stream lining?
Streamlining is
adding a faired tail section to reduce the extent of separated flow on the
downstream portion of an object.
What do you know
about Hub or Boss?
It is the core part of the axial
flow turbine where the vanes are attached.
Under what head the
propeller turbine take water?
About 100 m head the
propeller turbine take water. When the vanes are fixed to the hub
and they are not adjustable the turbine is called propeller turbine.
What are the uses of
Kaplan turbine?
1. To produce more output.
2. The efficiency of the turbine is
more.