There are a lot of tables, but you can use formula of nominal stud diameter x 1.5 + 1/8 inch in most cases, for example a 1-1/2" stud uses a 2-3/8" wrench size.
Pasteurization requires that the milk is in custody for a specified time. The appropriate length for the holding tube can be calculated by the flow rate (Q) of milk and the diameter (D) of the holding tube using the formula: Length of holding tube, L = Q x holding time/A x η A = Area = pi/4 x sqr D Where an efficiency factor, η, of 0.85 is used in the model.